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Private speech in children refers to self-directed speech that they use to guide their own behavior and thinking processes. This vocalization often occurs when children are engaged in tasks that require concentration or when they are attempting to solve problems. By talking to themselves, children can reinforce their understanding, organize their thoughts, and regulate their actions, which is particularly evident during challenging tasks.

In developmental psychology, this concept is associated with Vygotsky's theory, which suggests that as children verbalize their thoughts, they are effectively internalizing the language necessary for cognitive development. This form of speech is essential for self-regulation and plays a significant role in learning, as it helps children reflect on their experiences, manage their behavior, and plan their actions.

Other options, while related to aspects of communication, do not capture the essence of private speech. Communication with peers emphasizes social interaction rather than self-directed thought. Speech shared with adults highlights a communicative exchange rather than a self-guiding mechanism. Silent communication implies non-verbal cues or thoughts that do not involve vocalization, which contradicts the concept of private speech as it is inherently vocal.