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The religion that began with the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth is Christianity. Jesus is recognized as the central figure of Christianity, and his teachings, life, crucifixion, and resurrection form the foundation of Christian beliefs. After his death, his followers spread his messages, leading to the establishment of Christian communities and eventually the formalization of Christianity as a distinct religion.

Other religions mentioned in the options have different historical origins. Judaism is the religion from which Christianity emerged, focusing on the covenant between God and the Hebrew people, with its own set of beliefs and practices that predate Jesus. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha, in the 5th century BCE, well before the time of Jesus. Islam emerged in the 7th century CE, founded by the Prophet Muhammad, who is considered the last prophet in Islam. While both Islam and Christianity include Jesus in their narratives, they do not begin with his teachings.