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The Renaissance period primarily occurred from approximately 1350 to 1600. This era is characterized by a significant revival of interest in the classical art, literature, and learning of ancient Greece and Rome, and it marked a pivotal shift in cultural, artistic, and intellectual pursuits in Europe.

This timeframe encompasses critical developments in various fields such as art, science, and philosophy, with notable figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Galileo emerging during this period. The transition from the medieval mindset to a more modern outlook, emphasizing humanism and individualism, is central to understanding the Renaissance.

The other timeframes do not accurately represent this cultural movement. The timeframe 1100-1300 overlaps primarily with the High Middle Ages, while 1500-1800 spans well beyond the Renaissance into the Baroque and Enlightenment periods. The period 1250-1450 includes the late Middle Ages and precedes the main emergence of Renaissance thought and artistic expression. Thus, the correct understanding of the Renaissance specifically aligns with the years outlined in the choice you provided.