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Charlemagne significantly expanded his empire during the Early Middle Ages, which aligns with the broader historical context of his reign from 768 to 814 AD. This period is characterized by the Carolingian Renaissance, a revival of art, culture, and learning based on classical models, which occurred alongside his military campaigns and territorial expansions. Charlemagne united much of Western Europe, including modern-day France, Germany, and parts of Italy, under his rule, laying the foundation for what would later become the Holy Roman Empire.

The Early Middle Ages, often considered a time of relative political fragmentation and cultural development following the decline of the Roman Empire, provided the backdrop for Charlemagne’s efforts to consolidate power, promote Christianity, and foster economic growth, which are significant themes in understanding this era. His reign marked an important shift in medieval history, setting the stage for subsequent developments in European politics and society.